Anchor bolts, used in tunnel driving and underground mining, are steel rods drilled into a hole in a rock roof or wall to provide support. Anchor reinforcement can be applied in any excavation geometry; the process is simple, fast, and cost-effective, with the potential for full mechanization. The length and spacing of the bolts can be adjusted based on reinforcement requirements.
There are three main anchoring methods: mechanical anchoring, grouting anchoring, and friction anchoring. The most common type of grouted anchor bolt is the fully grouted rebar, which is a threaded rebar made of steel, using cement or resin as the grouting agent. Cable bolts are reinforcing elements made of steel wire in the form of strands or ropes, installed in the hole with cement grout